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Миграции:

class CreateBrandsTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('brands', function (Blueprint $t) {

$t->increments('id');

$t->string('name')->index();

$t->timestamps();
            $t->softDeletes();
        });
    }

public function down()
    {
         Schema::dropIfExists('brands');
    }
}

class CreateEditionsTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('editions', function (Blueprint $t) {
            
            $t->increments('id');

$t->integer('brand_id')->index(); 
            $t->foreign('brand_id')->references('id')->on('brands')->onDelete('cascade');

$t->string('name')->index();

$t->string('slug')->nullable()->index();
            $t->text('body')->nullable();

$t->timestamps();
            $t->softDeletes();
        });
    }

public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('editions');
    }
}

Модели:

<?php

namespace App\Entity\Vehicle;

use App\Entity\Behaviors\ImagePublicBehavior;
use App\Entity\brand\BrandComment;
use App\Entity\User;
use Cviebrock\EloquentSluggable\Sluggable;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;

class Brand extends Model
{
    use Notifiable;
    use SoftDeletes;
    use Sluggable;
    use ImagePublicBehavior;

protected $dates = ['created_at','updated_at', 'deleted_at'];

protected $fillable = [
        'name',
        'slug',
        'parent_id',
    ];
    
    ...
    
    public function editions()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Edition::class,  'id', 'brand_id');
    }

...
}

class EditionSerial extends Model
{
    use Notifiable;
    use SoftDeletes;
    use Sluggable;
    use ImagePublicBehavior;

protected $table = 'editions';

protected $dates = ['created_at','updated_at', 'deleted_at'];

protected $visible = ['id', 'name'];

protected $fillable = [
        'name',
        'brand_id',
    ];

public function sluggable()
    {
        return [
            'slug' => ['source' => 'name']
        ];
    }

public function brand()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Brand::class, 'brand_id', 'id');
    }
}

Контроллер (!!! проблема):

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Vehicles;

use App\Entity\Vehicle\Brand;
use App\Entity\Vehicle\EditionSerial;
use App\Entity\Vehicle\Vehicle;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Http\Requests\Admin\Vehicle\BrandRequest;

class BrandsController extends Controller
{
    public function show(Brand $brand)
    {
         $brand->editions()->create(['name' => 'Example-xx']);

// Всегда 0, зотя записи в таблицах есть
        echo $brand->editions()->count();

// так работает
        // EditionSerial::create(['name' => 'xxx', 'brand_id'=>$brand->id]);

return view('brands.admin.show', compact('brand','editions'));

}
}